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What Are the Types of Piping Materials Used in the Piping Industry?

The type of pipes used in piping design has evolved in years. Piping Process Systems in India describe this evolution in a detailed manner. Earlier pipes were constructed from wooden logs in which a large hole was bored lengthwise from the centre.

After that staves and hoops were used for wooden pipes construction. The method was similar to wooden barrel construction. The only advantage of the stave pipes was that they could be easily transported as a compact pile of parts and then assembled at the job site. Wooden pipes were used more in mountain regions as there the transport of iron or concrete pipes was a challenge at that time.

Maintaining wooden pipes was easier than preserving metal, because:-
1. Temperature change did not lead the wooden pipes to expand or contract with the metal ones. Due to this consequent expansion of joints and bends was not required.
2. Thick wood had insulating properties that helped prevent freezing when compared to metal pipes.
3. Wood is a much better electrical insulator as Electrolysis doesn't affect wood pipes at all.

In the US redwood was used for pipe construction. It had peculiar properties that granted protection from weathering, acids, insects, and fungus growths. When compared to iron pipes, Redwood pipes stayed smooth and clean indefinitely and had no signs of corrosion.

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In Piping Engineering the types of materials used for pipes largely depends upon where the installation is. Is it underground, outside buildings, underground in buildings, or aboveground in buildings. Availability of types of desired piping materials and fittings may also determine the type of pipe used in piping design and installation.

Two basic classes of Piping Materials are:
Metallic Pipes
1. Ferrous
a. Cast Iron
b. Carbon Steel
c. Low Temperature Carbon Steel
d. Stainless Steel etc.

2. Non Ferrous
a. Copper
b. Brass
c. Inconel
d. Incoloy
e. Cupro – Nickel etc.

Non Metallic Pipes
1. Glass
a. Glass Reinforced Epoxy
b. Tempered Glass

2. Ceramics
3. Plastics
a. Polyethylene (PE)
b. Cross Linked Polyethylene (PEX)
c. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
d. Chlorinated Poly Vinyl Chloride (CPVC)
e. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
f. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)

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